Three-dimensional negative index of refraction at optical frequencies by coupling plasmonic waveguides |
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Authors: | Verhagen Ewold de Waele René Kuipers L Polman Albert |
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Institution: | Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ewold.verhagen@epfl.ch |
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Abstract: | We identify a route towards achieving a negative index of refraction at optical frequencies based on coupling between plasmonic waveguides that support backwards waves. We show how modal symmetry can be exploited in metal-dielectric waveguide pairs to achieve negative refraction of both phase and energy. Control of waveguide coupling yields a metamaterial consisting of a one-dimensional multilayer stack that exhibits an isotropic index of -1 at a free-space wavelength of 400?nm. The concepts developed here may inspire new low-loss metamaterial designs operating close to the metal plasma frequency. |
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