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Effective magnetic monopoles and universal conductance fluctuations
Authors:Hals Kjetil M D  Nguyen Anh Kiet  Waintal Xavier  Brataas Arne
Affiliation:Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
Abstract:The observation of isolated positive and negative charges, but not isolated magnetic north and south poles, is an old puzzle. Instead, evidence of effective magnetic monopoles has been found in the abstract momentum space. Apart from Hall-related effects, few observable consequences of these abstract monopoles are known. Here, we show that it is possible to manipulate the monopoles by external magnetic fields and probe them by universal conductance fluctuation measurements in ferromagnets with strong spin-orbit coupling. The observed fluctuations are not noise, but reproducible quasiperiodic oscillations as a function of magnetization direction, a novel Berry phase fingerprint of the magnetic monopoles.
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