Microfabrication of screen-printed nanoliter vials with embedded surface-modified electrodes |
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Authors: | Jeffrey S Lenihan J Christopher Ball Vasilis G Gavalas Janet K Lumpp John Hines Sylvia Daunert Leonidas G Bachas |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA;(2) Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC 20016-8014, USA;(3) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-4055, USA;(4) NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA |
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Abstract: | A self-contained ion-selective sensing system within a nanoliter-volume vial has been developed by integrating screen printing,
laser ablation, and molecular imprinting techniques. Screen printing and laser ablation are used in tandem to fabricate nanoliter-volume
vials with carbon and Ag/AgCl ring electrodes embedded in the sidewalls. Using multisweep cyclic voltammetry, the surface
of the carbon electrode can be modified with a polypyrrole film. By polymerizing pyrrole in the presence of nitrate, pores
complementary to the nitrate anion in size, shape, and charge distribution are formed in the resulting film. Electrochemical
cells modified with this nitrate-imprinted polypyrrole film show a near-Nernstian response to nitrate, and excellent reproducibility.
The integration of molecular recognition and electrochemical response in the nanoliter vials is demonstrated by the detection
of as little as 0.36 ng nitrate in nanoliter-volume samples. The integration of tailored molecular recognition within nanoliter
vials via established fabrication and imprinting protocols should result in a number of nanosensor devices with applications
in BioMEMS and micro total analysis systems. |
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Keywords: | Microfabrication Nanoliter vials Ion-selective sensing |
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