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Optimal choices of reference for a quasi-local energy |
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| Authors: | Ming-Fan Wu Chiang-Mei Chen Jian-Liang Liu James M. Nester |
| Affiliation: | a Department of Physics, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan b Center for Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan c Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan |
| Abstract: | We propose a program for determining the reference for the covariant Hamiltonian boundary term quasi-local energy and test it on spherically symmetric spacetimes. For different observers the quasi-local energy can be positive, zero, or even negative, however the maximum value is positive for both the Schwarzschild and FLRW spacetimes. |
| Keywords: | Quasi-local energy Covariant Hamiltonian Hamiltonian boundary term Reference spacetime |
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