Cloud-point extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of carbamate insecticide residues in fruits |
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Authors: | Apichai Santalad Supalax Srijaranai Rodjana Burakham Jeremy D Glennon Richard L Deming |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand;(2) Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;(3) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA |
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Abstract: | A cloud-point extraction (CPE) method using Triton X-114 non-ionic surfactant was developed for the extraction and preconcentration
of carbamate insecticide residues (i.e., methomyl, propoxur, carbofuran, carbaryl, isoprocarb, and promecarb) in fruit samples.
The optimum conditions of CPE were 1.5% (w/v) Triton X-114, 7.0% (w/v) NaCl and 20 min equilibrated at 45 °C. The surfactant-rich phase was then analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
chromatography with ultraviolet detection at 270 nm, under gradient separation using methanol and 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid. Under the study conditions, six carbamate insecticides were successfully separated within 27 min. Good reproducibility
was obtained with the relative standard deviation of <3% for retention time and <9% for peak area. Limits of detection in
the studied fruit samples were in the range of 0.1–1.0 mg kg−1. No carbamate insecticides were detected in the studied fruit samples. The high recoveries of the spiked fruit samples were
obtained in the range 80.0–107%. The CPE method has been shown to be a potential useful methodology for the preconcentration
of the target analytes, with a preconcentration factor of 14. Moreover, the method is simple, has high sensitivity, consumes
much less solvent than traditional methods, and is environmental friendly. |
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Keywords: | Cloud-point extraction Triton X-114 Carbamate insecticides Fruits High-performance liquid chromatography |
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