Drop retention force as a function of resting time

The force, f, required to slide a drop on a surface is shown to be a growing function of the time, t, that the drop waited resting on the surface prior to the commencement of sliding. In this first report on the resting time effect, we demonstrate the existence of this phenomenon in different systems, which suggests that this phenomenon is general. We show that d f/d t is never negative. The shorter the resting times, the higher d f/d t is. As the resting time increases, d f/d t decreases toward zero (plateau) as t --> infinity. The increase in the force, Delta f, due to the resting time effect (i.e., f( t --> infinity) - f( t --> 0)) correlates well with the vertical component of the liquid-vapor surface tension, and we attribute this phenomenon to the corrugation of the surface by the drop due to this unsatisfied normal component of Young's equation.