Imaging of wood tissue by ToF-SIMS: Critical evaluation and development of sample preparation techniques |
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Authors: | E.N. Tokareva P. Fardim H.-P. Fagerholm B. Holmbom |
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Affiliation: | a Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku/Åbo, Finland b Laboratory of Fibre and Cellulose Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku/Åbo, Finland c Department of Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku/Åbo, Finland d Wood Ultrastructure Research Centre (WURC), Department of Wood Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden |
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Abstract: | Tissue of Norway spruce wood was investigated by time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Different sample preparation techniques (including sectioning and drying) traditionally used for SEM analysis were compared and critically evaluated. A high contamination of wood surfaces by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) introduced onto the sample during sectioning was detected by ToF-SIMS. A new protocol was developed and images of wood sections dried in different ways were compared. Main location of Mg, Na, K and Ca, but no lignin in membranes of bordered pits in spruce section surfaces was detected by ToF-SIMS imaging if critical point drying (CPD) or acetone extraction followed by drying under nitrogen flow (AEND) was applied. No specific locations of wood components as well as low signals from metal ions (Mg and Na) were observed on the wood surfaces of freeze-dried (FD) or air-dried (AD) sections. It was found that extractive substances, presenting on surfaces of FD and AD wood section, were evenly distributed on the surfaces and interfered with ToF-SIMS analysis. Our results indicated that ToF-SIMS imaging was critically sensitive to the sample preparation technique and a strict protocol for characterization of metals, lignin and polysaccharides in wood was suggested. |
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Keywords: | Wood sections Sample preparation ToF-SIMS FE-SEM Extractives FD |
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