Optical,electrical and magnetic properties of nanostructured Mn3O4 synthesized through a facile chemical route |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, PR China;2. Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;1. Energy Storage Laboratory, Department of Applied Science & Engineering, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur-247001, India;2. Centre of Nanotechnology, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India;1. Department of Chemical Sciences, Padova University, INSTM, 35131, Padova, Italy;2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Padova University, INSTM, 35131, Padova, Italy;3. CNR-ICMATE and INSTM, Department of Chemical Sciences, Padova University, 35131, Padova, Italy;1. Department of Chemistry, MES PU College, Bengaluru 560012, India;2. Material Research Center, School of Engineering, Presidency University, Bengaluru 560064, India;3. Department of Chemistry, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India;4. New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India;1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250100, PR China;2. National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250100, PR China;3. Jining Research Center for Carbon Nanomaterials, Jining, Shandong Province, 272100, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Nanostructured Mn3O4 sample with an average crystallite size of ～15 nm is synthesized via the reduction of potassium permanganate using hydrazine. The average particle size obtained from the Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis is in good agreement with the average crystallite size estimated from X-ray diffraction analysis. The presence of Mn4+ ions at the octahedral sites is inferred from the results of Raman, UV–visible absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzes. DC electrical conductivity of the sample in the temperature range 313–423 K, is about five orders of magnitude larger than that reported for single crystalline Mn3O4 sample. The dominant conduction mechanism is identified to be of the polaronic hopping of holes between cations in the octahedral sites. The zero field cooled and field cooled magnetization of the sample is studied in the range 20–300 K. The Curie temperature for the sample is about 45 K, below which the sample is ferrimagnetic. A blocking temperature of 35 K is observed in the field cooled curve. It is observed that the sample shows hysteresis at temperatures below the Curie temperature with no saturation, even at an applied field (20 kOe). The presence of an ordered core and disordered surface of spin arrangements is observed from the magnetization studies. Above the Curie temperature, the sample shows linear dependence of magnetization on applied field with no hysteresis characteristic of paramagnetic phase. |
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| Keywords: | Manganese oxide Defects Raman spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy UV–visible absorption DC conductivity Ferrimagnetism Surface spins |
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