汉中四种干果中脂肪酸含量测定

利用索氏提取仪提取葵花籽、花生、核桃、华山松籽四种果实中的粗脂肪,然后采用气相色谱法(GC)分析其脂肪酸组成。在四种干果中,核桃的粗脂肪含量最高,为74.3%。四种干果样品中共识别出11种脂肪酸,主要有四种:油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸,其中油酸和亚油酸相对含量较高,分别是20.1%,49.0%;39.3%,36.2%;17.3%,64.8%;22.0%,47.5%。花生中油酸、棕榈酸、山嵛酸和樵油酸相对含量是39.3%、11.0%、3.2%和1.3%,高于其它三种干果,特别是棕榈酸、山嵛酸和樵油酸。核桃中的亚油酸和亚麻酸相对含量是64.8%和8.5%,明显高于其它三种干果。另外,核桃的不饱和脂肪酸相对含量在四种干果中最高,为90.8%。通过本实验可了解四种干果中脂肪酸的种类及相对含量,特别是其中必需脂肪酸的相对含量,为四种干果深入加工利用提供参考。

The Measurement of Content of the Fatty Acid's from Four Kinds of Dry-fruits in Hanzhong City

There are four kinds of dry-fruits: sunflower seed, peanut,pine nut and walnut,in which there are a lot of crude fat.This experiment distilled the crude fat from these dry-fruits by the Soxhlet Extraction,and then measured the content of the crude fat.We analyzed the fatty acid's composition by the gas chromatographic method,which always used in the analysis of the grease's composition.We can know that the crude fat's content of walnut is highest in four kinds of dry-fruits,which is 74.3%.We identified 11 kinds of fatty acids in these dry-fruits.There mainly have four kinds of fatty acids,which are oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid and stearic acid.We can know that the oleic acid and linoleic acid are highest in 11 kinds of fatty acids,which opposite content are 20.1% and 49.0%,39.3% and 36.2%,17.3% and 64.8%,22.0% and 47.5%;and also know the oleic acid,palmitic acid,behenic acid and lidnoceric acid in peanut are higher than other three dry-fruits,whose content are 39.3%,11.0%,3.2%,1.3%,the linoleic acid and linolenic acid in walnut too,whose content are 64.8%,8.5%.We can also know the categories and opposite contents of four kinds of dry-fruits,especially the content of the EFA in these dry-fruits.It can provide a gist to four dry-fruits in deep machining.