Water resources in unified accounting for natural resources |
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| Authors: | ZF Cai Q Yang B Zhang H Chen B Chen GQ Chen |
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| Institution: | 1. National Laboratory for Complex Systems and Turbulence, Department of Mechanics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Science and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;1. Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;2. Laboratory of Anthropogenic Systems Ecology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;3. Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;5. Energy Sustainability Center Energy Research Institute, National Development and Reform Commission, Beijing, China;6. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;7. School of Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;8. China Science and Technology Exchange Center, No.54, Sanlihe Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China;2. Laboratory of Systems Ecology and Sustainability Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China;3. Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China;4. Harvard China Project, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States;1. State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China;2. Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China;3. Harvard China Project, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall G2B, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;4. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK;1. Laboratory of Systems Ecology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2. Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China;1. Laboratory of Anthropogenic Systems Ecology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China;3. Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China;4. NAAM Group, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;5. Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;1. College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China;2. NAAM Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;3. State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China;4. Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China;5. Harvard China Project, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States;6. Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to incorporate the water resources into the unified resources accounting based on scientific objectivity so as to present a brief portrait of the significance of water for the resource conversion and management of the national-scale society in a systems ecological perspective. The water resources in sustaining the human society are incorporated into the total exergy budget and national-scale social exergy accounting framework, not only by accounting the conventionally usable water flowing through society regarding seawater as reference environment, but also by introducing the evaporation exergy of freshwater as essential investment from the hydrological cycle. A case study of the Chinese society 2001–2005 is conducted, with the societal system broken down into seven sectors, i.e., extraction, conversion, agriculture, industry, transportation, tertiary and households sectors, to explore the resource utilization structure based on the proposed accounting method. Typical results for China 2005 showed that the total net input of the societal conventional resource exergy was 87.9 EJ, of which 75.4 EJ was from mineral resources and 22.6 EJ from other resources, while the water resource exergy input amounted to 105.1 EJ, which contributed 54.5% of the total resources exergy investment to the total society. Finally, the exergetic resource use intensities (RUIs) for six sectors were calculated, with the results that RUIs of agriculture and conversion sectors are much higher than those derived from conventional resource accounting. |
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