Measurement and evaluation of the metabolic capacity of an urban ecosystem |
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| Authors: | Y Zhang YW Zhao ZF Yang B Chen GQ Chen |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. National Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy and Power, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;2. Research Center for Clean Energy and Power, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222069, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA;2. Fachbereich Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany;1. School of Computer and Information Engineering, School of Economics postdoctoral research station, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China;3. Global Land Cover Facility, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland 4321 Hartwick Road STE 400, College Park, MD 20740, USA;4. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China;1. Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada;2. Department of Surgery, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada;3. Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen’s University and Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada;1. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;2. Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore 638705, Singapore;3. School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China;4. Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore |
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| Abstract: | Cities as superorganisms confront disturbances from their metabolic processes, including large metabolic fluxes, low stocks of resources and products, and a low efficiency of the urban material metabolism. Based on ecological thermodynamics, an indicator system is established in this paper to evaluate the fluxes, stocks, and effiency of the urban material metabolism using emergy analysis. Also, a new model for the urban material metabolism is proposed to define the production possibility curve using a wealth index (WI) and an ecological effiency index (EEI). Then, six large Chinese cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen are selected as typical cases to validate the proposed model. The results show that Shenzhen has the highest metabolic capacity, followed by Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin, and Chongqing. It is also reflected that different urban material metabolisms of the six cities are resulted from the varied regional metabolic capacities, thus providing insights into how cities improve their metabolic capacities. Meanwhile, Shenzhen has the highest WI and EEI, Chongqing has the lowest WI and EEI, and Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangzhou has low WI and high EEI. It is also shown that the sustainable operation of the urban material metabolism reflects the mutualism and symbiosis between socioeconomic development and ecological environment protection. |
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