Al2O3陶瓷动静态压缩下碎片形貌与破坏机理分析

为探究Al₂O₃陶瓷的宏观力学响应与破坏机理，分别利用材料试验机和分离式霍普金森压杆对其进行准静态和动态压缩实验，同时通过原位光学成像观测试样的破坏过程，并利用同步辐射CT和扫描电镜（SEM）对回收碎片的尺寸和形状以及微观破坏模式进行表征分析。宏观强度数据表明，Al₂O₃陶瓷的抗压强度符合Weibull分布，且与加载应变率呈现指数增长关系。原位光学成像和SEM回收分析共同揭示了动静态加载下裂纹成核与扩展模式存在明显差异。准静态加载时材料微观上更易发生沿晶断裂，宏观表现为劈裂裂纹较少，且倾向于沿加载方向传播并贯穿整个试样；而动态加载时穿晶断裂占主导地位，劈裂裂纹明显增加并发生相互作用，因此在传播过程中容易分叉而形成大量次生裂纹，提高了试样内裂纹密度。这与碎片的CT表征结果一致，即碎片平均球形度和伸长、扁平指数等均随应变率对数线性增加。破坏模式的改变最终导致高应变率下陶瓷材料应变率敏感性显著增强。

Investigations on the fragment morphology and fracture mechanisms of Al2O3 ceramics under dynamic and quasi-static compression

In order to investigate the mechanical response and damage mechanisms of Al₂O₃ ceramics, quasi-static and dynamic compression experiments are carried out on Al₂O₃ samples with a material test system and split Hopkinson pressure bar, respectively. In-situ optical imaging is adopted to capture the failure process of samples; synchrotron radiation CT and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are, respectively, used to characterize the size and shape of recovered fragments and the micro fracture modes. Bulk strength data show that the compressive strength of Al₂O₃ ceramics conforms to a Weibull distribution and increases in a power law with the strain rate. In-situ optical imaging and SEM recovery analysis reveal that there exist obvious differences in crack nucleation and propagation between quasi-static and dynamic loading. Intergranular fracture around initial flaws is more likely to occur under quasi-static loading, macroscopically leading to fewer splitting cracks which tend to propagate along the loading direction and penetrate the sample; while transgranular fracture dominates micro cracking under dynamic loading, and the splitting cracks increases in number and interact with each other to form a large number of bifurcated, secondary cracks during the propagation process, which increases the crack density of sample. This is consistent with the three-dimensional CT characterizations. The mean of sphericity, convexity, elongation index and flatness index of fragments increase linearly with the logarithm of strain rate. The change in failure mode ultimately leads to the significantly enhanced strain rate sensitivity of ceramic materials at high strain rates.