The determination of trace metals in lubricating oils by atomic spectrometry |
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| Authors: | Ricardo Q. Aucé lio,Roseli Martins de SouzaReinaldo Calixto de Campos,Norbert MiekeleyCarmem L. Porto da Silveira |
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| Affiliation: | Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The determination of trace metals in lubricating oils using atomic spectrometric methods is reviewed. The importance of such analyses for technical diagnostics as well as the specific sample characteristics related to the analyte form (metallo-organic and metal particles) is discussed. Problems related to sample pre-treatment for appropriate sample introduction and calibration are addressed as well as the strategies to overcome them. Recent trends aimed at simplifying sample manipulation are presented. The applications and scope of AAS, ICP OES and ICP MS techniques for the determination of trace metals in lubricating oil is individually discussed, as well as some present instrumental trends. |
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| Keywords: | AFS, Atomic fluorescence spectrometry ASTM, American Society for Testing Materials DC OES, Direct current optical emission spectrometry ETAAS, Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry ETV, Electrothermal vaporization FAAS, Flame atomic spectrometry FIA, Flow injection analysis HG AAS, Hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry ICP MS, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ICP OES, Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry LA-ICP-TOFMS, Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry LIBS, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy NdYAG, Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet o/w, oil-in-water emulsion PG, Pyrolytic graphite SIA, Sequential injection analysis SOAP, Spectroscopy Oil Analysis Program STPF, Stabilized temperature platform furnace THGF, Transversely heated graphite furnace XRF, X-ray fluorescence w/o, water-in-oil emulsion. |
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