Chemometric classification of gunshot residues based on energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and inductively coupled plasma analysis with mass-spectrometric detection |
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Authors: | S Steffen M Otto L Niewoehner M Barth Z Bro¿?ek-Mucha J Biegstraaten R Horváth |
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Institution: | 1. Bundeskriminalamt (BKA), Forensic Science Institute KT23, Thaerstr. 11, D - 65193 Wiesbaden, Germany;2. TU Bergakademie Freiberg (TU BAF), Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Leipziger Str. 29, D - 09599 Freiberg, Germany;3. Instytut Ekspertyz S?dowych (IES), Westerplatte St. 9, PL - 31-033 Kraków, Poland;4. Nederlands Forensisch Instituut (NFI), Fysische Technologie, Laan van Ypenburg 6, NL-2497 GB Den Haag, Netherlands;5. Kriminalistický a Expertízny Ústav (KEÚ PZ), Institute of Forensic Science, Sklabinská 1, SK - 812 72 Bratislava, Slovakia |
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Abstract: | A gunshot residue sample that was collected from an object or a suspected person is automatically searched for gunshot residue relevant particles. Particle data (such as size, morphology, position on the sample for manual relocation, etc.) as well as the corresponding X-ray spectra and images are stored. According to these data, particles are classified by the analysis-software into different groups: ‘gunshot residue characteristic’, ‘consistent with gunshot residue’ and environmental particles, respectively. Potential gunshot residue particles are manually checked and – if necessary – confirmed by the operating forensic scientist. |
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Keywords: | SEM/EDX ICP-MS Regularized discriminant analysis Fast Fourier Transformation GSR |
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