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Application of polyurethane foam as a sorbent for trace metal pre-concentration — A review |
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| Authors: | VA Lemos MS Santos ES Santos MJS Santos WNL dos Santos AS Souza DS de Jesus CF das Virgens MS Carvalho N Oleszczuk MGR Vale B Welz SLC Ferreira |
| Institution: | 1. Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Campus de Jequié, 45200-190 Jequié, BA, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus Universitário de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil;3. Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica da Bahia, Rua Emidio Santos, s/n-Barbalho, 40300-010, Salvador, BA, Brazil;4. Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, R. Silveira Martins, 2555, 41195-001 Salvador, BA, Brazil;5. Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, P. O. Box 68550, 21945-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;6. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Química, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;g Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;h Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil |
| Abstract: | The first publication on the use of polyurethane foam (PUF) for sorption processes dates back to 1970, and soon after the material was applied for separation processes. The application of PUF as a sorbent for solid phase extraction of inorganic analytes for separation and pre-concentration purposes is reviewed. The physical and chemical characteristics of PUF (polyether and polyester type) are discussed and an introduction to the characterization of these sorption processes using different types of isotherms is given. Separation and pre-concentration methods using unloaded and loaded PUF in batch and on-line procedures with continuous flow and flow injection systems are presented. Methods for the direct solid sampling analysis of the PUF after pre-concentration are discussed as well as approaches for speciation analysis. Thermodynamic proprieties of some extraction processes are evaluated and the interpretation of determined parameters, such as enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy in light of the physico-chemical processes is explained. |
| Keywords: | Polyurethane foam Pre-concentration Metals AAS ICP |
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