生物多样性刍议

生物多样性是生物及其组成的系统的总体多样性和变异性,或所有来源活的生物体的变异性,它包括物种的基因多样性或称遗传多样性,群落内部的物种多样性,景观中的群落多样性或称生态系统多样性.而景观多样性是指景观单元结构和功能方面的多样性,它包括了斑块多样性,类型多样性和格局多样性,主要研究组成景观的斑块在数量、大小、形状和景观类型的分布及其斑块之间的连接度、连通性等结构和功能上的多样性.显然,景观多样性与生物多样性无论在研究内容或方法上均有所不同,明显有别于生物多样性的概念与内涵, 而应是另类的多样性.因而,把景观多样性与遗传多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性并列为第四个层次的生物多样性是不确切的.

A Rustic Opinion of Biodiversity

Biodiversity is the term used to describe all the variation among living things on earth. The concept usually refers to the different species but also includes ecosystems and the genetic within a given species. Landscape diversity is the diversity of the structure and function of the landscape unity. It includes the patches diversity, type diversity and pattern diversity. Landscape is used by ecologists to describe relatively large areas, sometimes a landscape will be a single broad expense of one habitat, elsewhere it will be a complex mosaic of habitat types. Landscape diversity is different to biodiversity on the concept, contents and methods. So that landscape diversity is another diversity, treating landscape diversity as 4th level of biodiversity obviously is not exact.