Preparation of nanocrystalline titania films with different porosity by water-based chemical solution deposition |
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Authors: | Ine Truijen Marlies K Van Bael Heidi Van den Rul Jan D’Haen Jules Mullens |
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Institution: | (1) Institute for Materials Research, Laboratory of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Agoralaan-Building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium;(2) Division IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, Agoralaan-Building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium;(3) Institute for Materials Research, Physical Analysis Group, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium |
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Abstract: | This study describes the synthesis of nanocrystalline titania layers on silicon and glass substrates by chemical solution
deposition, using a water-based citratoperoxo-Ti(IV) precursor solution. The same aqueous solution–gel precursor is used for
deposition of, both, thin dense layers by spin-coating and thicker porous layers by tape-casting. In the latter, the precursor
solution is modified by the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which acts as a thickener and pore-forming agent. Phase composition,
film morphology, and the hydrophilic character of the films are studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–VIS transmission measurements, variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry
(VASE), and by contact angle measurements. The thin 180 nm titania film, deposited from the unmodified precursor solution,
shows a density of about 96%. Upon ultraviolet illumination, it acquires a highly hydrophilic surface. One hour of illumination
is sufficient to obtain a water contact angle of almost 0°. Furthermore, the hydrophilisation process shows to be reversible.
Tape-casting and thermal treatment of the modified precursor solution gives rise to the formation of a 500 nm thick, porous,
pure anatase film. The nanocrystalline thick film is composed of 20–40 nm particles, and contains clearly defined pores of
20 nm, homogeneously distributed along the surface. |
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Keywords: | Titanium dioxide Superhydrophilic Pore forming agent Porous |
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