人参属中药腐解化感作用研究进展

人参、西洋参和三七为人参属近缘物种，形态和化学成分相似，均具有连作障碍的特性。人参属中药连作后，土壤环境逐渐变得不适宜其生长，植株长势变弱易患病，导致生长发育受到抑制，出现严重的根腐病、须根脱落，甚至植株死亡现象。而造成人参属连作障碍的主要原因之一是化感物质的自毒作用，人参残体降解物作为人参化感物质主要来源之一，会导致种子发芽率下降，种苗死亡率升高、根腐病等病害加重，最终造成连作障碍。在人参属中药连作过程中，通过化感物质与土壤交流，也会直接或间接影响土壤理化性质的变化。对人参属中药腐解化感作用的研究进展以及腐解对土壤成分的影响进行综述，以期为人参属中药腐解化感作用及土壤利用的相关研究提供借鉴。

Research Progress on the Decomposed Allelopathy of Panax Genus

Ginseng， American ginsengandnotoginsengare closely related species of Panax genus. They have similar morphologies and chemical compositions. These three species all have the characteristics of continuous cropping obstacle. After continuous cropping of Panax， the soil environment gradually becomes unsuitable for its growth and the plant growth becomes weak and susceptible to disease， leading to inhibited growth， serious root rot， fibrous root loss， and even plant death. One of the main reasons for the continuous cropping obstacles of Panax genus is allelopathic autotoxicity. The residue degradation product of Panax genus is one of the main sources of ginseng allelochemicals. It can reduce the germination rate of seeds， increased mortality of seedlings， aggravates diseases such as root rot and eventually cause continuous cropping obstacles. During the continuous crop of Panax genus， the soil is also directly or indirectly affected by changes in soil physicochemical properties through the exchange of allelochemicals with the soil. In this paper， the research progress of decomposed allelopathy of Panax genus and the effect of decomposition on soil components are reviewed. It provides references for decomposed allelopathy of Panax genus and soil utilization research.