直升机旋翼三维动态变形测量与可视化分析

针对直升机旋翼动载荷飞行试验测试需求,提出一种直升机旋翼三维动态变形测量与可视化分析方法。首先,根据直升机旋翼的结构特点和高速旋转特性,设计了以一组双目高清摄像头为核心的旋翼动态变形影像测量与监控及分析系统;其次,基于双目立体视觉测量理论,论述了测量系统标定、实时单点变形测量、散斑影像匹配、旋翼表面三维重建与三维动态变形可视化分析原理/方法;最后,在地面进行了模拟实测环境的仿真试验,实现了试验系统搭建、试验数据采集、处理与分析。试验结果证明,该方法可获得最大误差优于4 mm的定位测量精度,能很好地实现直升机旋翼三维动态变形测量,为飞行试验旋翼载荷测试数据分析等提供直观、可靠的数据与技术支撑。

3D dynamic deformation measurement and visual analysis of helicopter rotor

In order to meet the requirements of helicopter rotor dynamic load test, a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic deformation measurement and visual analysis method for helicopter rotor was proposed. Firstly, according to the structure and high-speed rotation characteristics of helicopter rotor, a dynamic deformation image measurement and monitoring as well as analysis system of rotor with binocular high-definition camera as the core was designed. Then, based on the binocular stereo vision measurement theory, the principle/method of the measuring system calibration, real-time single point deformation measurement, speckle image matching, rotor surface 3D reconstruction and 3D dynamic deformation visual analysis were discussed. Finally, the simulation test of simulated and measured environment was carried out on the ground, and the test system construction, test data acquisition, processing and analysis were realized. The test results show that this method can obtain the positioning measurement accuracy with the maximum error less than 4 mm, and can well realize the 3D dynamic deformation measurement of helicopter rotor, which provides intuitive and reliable data and technical support for the flight test rotor load test data analysis.