静电纺丝中空纳米纤维在催化领域的应用

更大的比表面积、更丰富的界面组成及更高效的传质路径是构筑多元催化体系,实现催化剂效率提升的关键.中空纳米纤维具有的多元空腔结构赋予其比表面积和界面组成上广阔的调变空间,使其成为制备高效异相催化剂的理想平台.静电纺丝技术的发展为中空纳米纤维的可控制备提供了更简易高效的方法,促进了中空纳米纤维的结构创新和应用扩展.本文从构筑策略、结构特点及结构与性能的对应关系3个角度总结了基于静电纺丝法制备的不同组成和形态的中空纳米纤维材料在催化领域(包括光催化、电催化、热催化)应用中的独特优势.首先展示了创新的静电纺丝方法结合后续工艺制备的中空纳米纤维的不同结构形态,然后梳理了基于中空纳米纤维构筑高效催化剂的研究进展,最后展望了中空纳米纤维在催化领域应用的未来发展趋势,以期为高效异相催化剂的设计提供有益的参考.

Application of Electrospun Hollow Nanofibers in Catalysis

Larger specific surface area, richer interfacial composition, and more efficient mass transfer paths are the keys to constructe multi-component catalytic systems and improve catalyst efficiency. Hollow nanofibers with multiple cavity structures show great capability to adjust their specific surface area and interface composition, and become an ideal platform for preparing highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts. The development of electrospinning technology provides a simple and efficient method for the controllable preparation of hollow nanofibers, and effectively promotes the structural innovation and application expansion of hollow nanofibers. In this review, the unique advantages of hollow nanofiber materials with different composition and morphology prepared by electrospinning in the application of catalysis（including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and thermocatalysis） are summarized from three aspects： construction strategies, structural characteristics and the corresponding relationship between structure and performance. Firstly, the different structural forms of hollow nanofibers prepared by innovative electrospinning methods combined with subsequent processes are demonstrated, and then the research progress of constructing high-efficiency catalysts based on hollow nanofibers are reviewed. Finally, the future development trends of the applications of hollow nanofibers in the field of catalysis are summarized and prospected to provide a useful reference for the design of high-efficient heterogeneous catalysts.