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Bucky-gel coated glassy carbon electrodes, for voltammetric detection of femtomolar leveled lead ions
Authors:Qijin Wan  Fen Yu  Lina Zhu  Xiaoxia Wang
Institution:a School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
b Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Eduction (MOE), Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
c Hubei Key lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
d Blumen Strasse 6, Gundelfingen 79194, Germany
e Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Solid State Physics (IAF), Freiburg 79108, Germany
Abstract:Femtomolar (fM) leveled lead ions were electrochemically detected using a bucky-gel coated glassy carbon electrode and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The bucky-gel was composed of dithizone, ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The fabrication of the bucky-gel coated electrode was optimized. The modified electrode was characterized with voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometry. After the accumulation of lead ions into the bucky-gel modified electrode at −1.2 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) for 5 min in a pH 4.4 sodium acetate-acetate acid buffer solution, differential pulse anodic stripping voltammograms of the accumulated lead show an anodic wave at −0.58 V. The anodic peak current is detectable for lead ions in the concentration range from 1.0 μM down to 500 fM. The detection limit is calculated to be 100 fM. The proposed method was successfully applied for the detection of lead ions in lake water.
Keywords:Bucky-gel  Chemically modified electrode  Environmental analysis  Lead ions  fM Detection
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