Sampling and analytical framework for routine environmental monitoring of organic pollutants |
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Authors: | Hong-Gang NiHui Zeng |
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Institution: | Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China |
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Abstract: | Dubious data would lead to incorrect interpretations and consequently faulty conclusions. Environmental monitoring results therefore have to be unambiguous to avoid misunderstanding the problems under investigation. Representative sampling and appropriate laboratory procedures are keys to acquiring quality data in order to draw unbiased conclusions.Although a large number of studies on organic pollutants have been published, few efforts have been directed towards instituting a systematic framework from sampling design to instrumental analysis. Generally, the main components in such a framework should include sampling design, sample preparation, sample extraction, extract purification and fractionation, and quantification (including qualitative and quantitative analyses).This review outlines the sampling and analytical framework appropriate for routine monitoring of organic pollutants, particularly persistent organic pollutants widely occurring in the environment. We emphasize statistically-based sampling schemes and quality-assurance and quality-control measures desirable for environmental monitoring programs.By way of demonstrating their importance, we especially review procedures for collecting unconventional environmental samples (e.g., human blood, breast milk, human hair, fish and bird tissues, and ice and snow) and analytical methods for typical emerging organic chemicals. |
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Keywords: | Analytical framework Emerging organic pollutant Laboratory procedure Matrix interference Organic pollutant Quality assurance Quality control Representative sampling Routine environmental monitoring Sampling |
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