Shock waves in colliding nuclei |
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Authors: | Michael I Sobel Philip J Siemens Jakob P Bondorf HA Bethe |
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Institution: | Nordita, Copenhagen, Denmark;The Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark;Nordita, Copenhagen, Denmark |
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Abstract: | We consider the circumstances under which nuclear matter at high densities can be produced in heavy ion collisions. We argue that lab energies of a few hundred MeV per nucleon will be suitable : the matter velocity will exceed the speed of isentropic compression waves, while the nuclear matter has sufficient stopping power to generate a shock front. From the hydrodynamic conservation laws we show that there is a maximum attainable compression ratio ν∞, determined by the thermal properties of the high-density matter. In an independent-fermion model, ν∞ = 4, but it can be much larger if the phase of the system changes, for example by excitation of nucleon isobars, production of π-mesons, or the scalar-field condensation conjectured by Lee and Wick. We discuss the propagation of the shock front and subsequent decompression of the dense, hot matter. |
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