Johnson noise at low temperature |
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Authors: | R.L. Collins |
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Affiliation: | Physics Department, The University of Texas at Austin, USA, 78712 |
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Abstract: | It has long been accepted that Johnson noise in metals is proportional to absolute temperature, and is materials-independent. This is a semi-classical result, based on the equipartition of energy. Johnson noise in copper below 10 mK suggests a departure from this relation. The data have been fitted empirically to TJ = To coth , where TJ is the “Johnson noise” temperature, T is measured by CMN, and To is chosen for best fit and is about 2 mK. To is now identifiable with a zero-point frequency of electronic charge imbalance, which moves with average Fermi velocity ν from end to end of the resistor of length l. , and so is materials- and geometry-dependent. |
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