γ射线暴的研究概况

γ射线暴是宇宙中自从大爆炸以来最猛烈的爆发现象，它在几十秒钟的时间内所释放的能量相当于太阳一生（约一百亿年）所释放能量的几百倍！文章简要介绍了γ射线暴的新近研究进展，其中包括：简要说明了观测事实，并在此基础上建立标准火球模型，阐述了γ射线暴及其余辉的运动和演化规律，讨论了偏离标准模型的种种观测现象以及这些后标准效应所包含的重要天体物理意义。进而讨论了至今仍不清楚的能源机制问题，也指出了这个领域的研究前景。

RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS

Recent progresses in the field of gamma-ray bursts is briefly introduced. Gamma-ray bursts are the most energetic explosion since the Big Bang of the universe. Within a few tens of seconds, the energy released in gamma-ray bursts could be several hundred times larger than that released form the sun in its whole life (about 10 billion years). We will first briefly discuss the observational facts, based on which we will discuss the standard fireball model, the dynamical behavior and evolutionof gamma-ray bursts and their afterglows. Then,various observational phenomena that contrdict the standard model are given and the importance of these post-standard effects are pointed out. The questions related to the energy source of gamma-ray bursts are still unanswered, and other important questions also remain to be solved.