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Electroanalytical detection of heavy metals using metallophthalocyanine and silica-coated iron oxide composites
Authors:Denisha Gounden  Samson Khene  Nolwazi Nombona
Institution:1.School of Chemistry and Physics,University of KwaZulu-Natal,Durban,South Africa;2.Department of Chemistry,Rhodes University,Grahamstown,South Africa;3.Department of Chemistry,University of Pretoria,Pretoria,South Africa
Abstract:The monitoring of heavy metal ions particularly in water is important in safeguarding the environment and humans from the toxic effects these metal ions pose. This work describes the synthesis, characterization and electrocatalytic properties of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Si-NP) in the presence of cobalt or iron phthalocyanines (MPc) for heavy metal (HM) detection. TEM, XRD, XPS and VSM confirmed the successful synthesis of Si-NP with an average diameter of 12.07 nm. The electrochemical sensing properties of MPc/Si-NP-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) were assessed for HM detection. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) studies indicated detection limits that compared positively with the literature. The FePc/Si-NP composite showed the lowest detection limits (S/N?=?3) of 3.66, 11.56, 2.28, 4.54 μg L?1 for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb), respectively. A linear working range of 10–100 μg L?1 was obtained for As3+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions while it was between 20 and 100 μg L?1 for Cd2+ ions. Both composites displayed reproducible signals for the simultaneous detection of the HMs for ten consecutive scans. These composites offer a cheap and simplistic sensing device for HM analysis.
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