An alternative approach to combination vaccines: intradermal administration of isolated components for control of anthrax,botulism, plague and staphylococcal toxic shock |
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Authors: | Garry L Morefield Ralph F Tammariello Bret K Purcell Patricia L Worsham Jennifer Chapman Leonard A Smith Jason B Alarcon John A Mikszta Robert G Ulrich |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Immunology, Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA;(2) Molecular Biology, Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA;(3) Bacteriology, Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA;(4) Pathology Divisions, Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA;(5) Becton Dickinson Technologies, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA |
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Abstract: | Background Combination vaccines reduce the total number of injections required for each component administered separately and generally
provide the same level of disease protection. Yet, physical, chemical, and biological interactions between vaccine components
are often detrimental to vaccine safety or efficacy. |
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