基于氧化还原循环信号放大技术的单分子电化学研究进展

现代分析科学的整体发展对分析方法的灵敏度、选择性以及快速响应等有了更高的要求。在单分子水平上实现对目标分子的检测及控制是化学家们长期以来梦寐以求的一项富有挑战性的前沿领域,也是近年来分析科学很重要的前沿发展方向。用电化学方法直接检测单分子面临的一项挑战是单个分子在氧化还原过程中得失电子产生的电流变化太小,现代仪器无法对如此小的电流进行识别。使电极表面氧化还原过程中的电子交换实现多次循环可以放大产生的电流,从而实现单分子水平的直接电化学分析。本文对近期通过循环电子交换过程放大电流信号的技术和装置进行了综述,将各类方法进行对比,并对单分子电化学未来的发展方向进行了展望。

Progresses in Single Molecule Electrochemistry Based on Redox Recycling Signal Amplification

The development of modern analytical science has set a higher requirement for the sensitivity, selectivity and response speed of analytical methods. The detection and control of target molecules at the single molecule level is a challenging field that chemists have long dreamed of, and also a frontier for the development of analytical science in recent years. One of the challenges for direct analysis of single molecule by electrochemical methods is that the current caused by electron exchange of a single molecule during the redox process is too small to be detected by modern instruments. The direct electrochemical single-molecule analysis can be achieved through current amplification from massive repeat of electron exchange process on the electrode surface during redox reaction. This review summarized and compared the recent techniques and equipments for direct detection of single molecule electrochemically through amplification cycle. Finally, the future direction of development of single molecule electrochemistry is prospected.