海面目标天基红外探测概率研究与分析

天基红外成像侦察有着常规空基、地基、海基军事侦察手段无法比拟的空间优势,业已成为世界上各大军事强国重点发展的一项重要的军事侦察技术。首先,从海面目标的天基红外探测条件出发,推导出极限探测条件下的阈值信噪比和目标等效条带数的数学表达式。然后,以此为基础得出海面目标天基红外探测的探测概率公式。最后,分析了噪声等效温差、探测器瞬时视场、卫星轨道高度、目标与背景的零视距的实际等效温差、目标临界尺度以及大气透射率对天基红外目标探测概率的影响。研究表明对于大温差、大尺度的海面目标,天基红外探测的探测概率相对较高,但在大气透射状况一般时,要通过天基红外观测平台探测小温差、小尺度海面目标较为困难。研究结果对天基红外探测器的研制与设计具有一定的借鉴意义。

Research on space-based infrared detection probability for sea surface targets

Compared with air-based,land-based or sea-based reconnaissance,space-based infrared imaging system has more incomparable advantages,and it has been the important reconnaissance means that many military powers of the world pay attention to.Firstly,from the space-based infrared detection conditions of sea surface targets,the expression of threshold signal-to-noise ratio and equivalent band numbers were derived.Secondly,based on the first step,the expression of space-based infrared detection probability was obtained.At last,the influence of noise equivalent temperature difference,instantaneous field of view of detector,orbit altitude,zero visual range temperature difference between target and background,critical size of target and atmospheric transmittance on the space-based infrared detection probability were analyzed.The research results show that the detection probability of space-based infrared detection is relatively high for the sea surface targets with large temperature difference and size,but it is difficult to detect targets with small temperature difference and size when the atmospheric transmittance is low.The research results provide references for the design and development of space-based infrared detector.