TFC polyamide membranes modified by grafting of hydrophilic polymers: an FT-IR/AFM/TEM study |
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| Institution: | 1. Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;2. China Tianchen Engineering Corporation, Tianjin 300400, China;3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Kharazmi University, 15719-14911 Tehran, Iran;2. Chemical, Polymeric and Petrochemical Technology Development Research Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), P.O. Box: 14115-143, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Chemistry, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, P.O. box 83714-161, Tabriz, Iran;4. Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965/115, 14977-13115 Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Surface modification using grafting of a hydrophilic polymer onto the membrane surface is a possible route to improving the fouling properties of polyamide thin-film composite membranes. The structure of nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes modified using graft polymerization of acrylic (AA) monomers was visualized and analyzed using attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that a layer of AA polymer is indeed formed on the polyamide surface, which could be accompanied by a change of the surface morphology. It was observed that for the NF membranes studied polymerization could also take place inside the pores of the support as a result of penetration of the monomer through the active layer, particularly for high degrees of grafting. It suggests that the modification procedures should be optimized so that the latter effect is minimized. |
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