Optimization of a field flow pre-concentration system by experimental design for the determination of copper in sea water by flow-injection-atomic absorption spectrometry |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China;2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, China;3. Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing of Jilin Province, Jilin Business and Technology College, Changchun 130507, China;1. CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;2. Department of Complementary Sciences, College of Health Technology of Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro S. Martinho do Bispo Apartado 7006, 3040-854 Coimbra, Portugal;3. BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Reference Materials, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;4. Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain |
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| Abstract: | A Plackett–Burman 27×3/32 design for seven factors (sample pH, sample flow rate, eluent volume, eluent concentration, eluent flow rate, ethanol percentage in the eluent and mini-column diameter) was carried out in order to find the significant variables affecting the field flow pre-concentration system (FFPS) and the flow injection elution manifold for copper determination in seawater samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. By using the optimized flow systems, seawater samples were collected and pre-concentrated in situ by passing them with a peristaltic pump through a mini-column packed with Amberlite XAD-4 impregnated with the complexing agent 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol. Thus, copper is pre-concentrated without the interference of the saline matrix. Once in the laboratory, the mini-columns loaded with copper are incorporated into a flow injection system and eluted with a small volume of a 40% (v/v) ethanolic solution of 3 mol l−1 hydrochloric acid into the nebulizer-burner system of a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Analysis of certified reference materials (SLEW-3 and NASS-5) showed good agreement with the certified value. |
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