Thermoelectric effects in ice crystals

Starting from the phenomenological equations which describe the currents of the four specific ice lattice defects (OH₃ ⁺, OH^?, doubly occupied and vacant hydrogen bonds), the electrochemical and the homogeneous thermoelectric power are calculated for the currentfree steady state under the assumption of immobile chemical impurities. The expression for the homogeneous thermoelectric power agrees with the experimental value (1.8 mV/°C) if the energy values obtained from the electrical properties are inserted, and if the diffusivity ratios of the ions D^?/D⁺ and of the valence defects D^L/D^D are assumed to be much smaller than unity and 1.2, respectively. The formulae are also applied to ice doped with hydrofluoric acid, and the magnitudes of the Seebeck, Peltier and Thomson effects are derived.