基于膦酸基的高温质子交换膜的研究进展

提高质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)的工作温度，不但可以提高电催化剂的活性以及电催化剂对原料气中CO等杂质气体的耐受能力，少用甚至不用Pt 等贵金属作电催化剂，还可以简化PEMFCs的水热管理系统，提高PEMFCs的综合能量转化效率. 实现高温PEMFCs的核心是开发能够适用于高温PEMFCs的高温质子交换膜(HT-PEM)，是PEMFCs的研究热点. 在众多HT-PEM候选材料中，基于膦酸基的质子交换膜材料是最具前途的候选材料之一，是制备HT-PEM的主要研究方向. 本文综述了基于膦酸基的HT-PEM的研究进展，讨论了膦酸基参与的质子传导机理，比较了纯聚合物膦酸膜、膦酸基接枝改性膜、酸-碱两性膜、掺杂型复合膜的电导率、物理化学稳定性、机械性能等. 最后，展望了基于膦酸基的HT-PEM的发展趋势.

Research Progress in the Development of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membranes Based on Phosphonic Acid Group

Increasing the operating temperature of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) can not only increase their electrocatalytic activities and their tolerance to impurities, such as CO, in feed gas, and decrease the precious metal loading on the electrocatalysts, but also simplify the hydrothermal management system and increase the overall energy conversion efficiency. The core obstacle to realize high-temperature PEMFCs is the development of high-temperature proton exchange membranes (HTPEMs), so this has attracted much research interest. Among the many types of HT-PEMs, HT-PEMs based on polymeric phosphonic acid are one of the best candidates, and thus is an essential research field. In this article, we review recent research progress in HT-PEMs based on polymeric phosphonic acid, discuss the proton transport mechanism, and compare the proton conductivities, physical and chemical stabilities, and mechanical properties of pristine polymeric phosphonic acid, polymers grafted with phosphonic acid, copolymers consisting of phosphonic acid and heterocyclic bases, and composite membranes based on phosphonic acid and other materials. We finally summarize and give an overview of some of the development trends in HT-PEMs based on polymeric phosphonic acid.