全运会历史以来省际竞技体育实力时空动态变化研究

以我国内地31个省、自治区、直辖市(简称为省级地区)为研究对象，基于1959年—2017年13届全运会奖牌统计数据，运用数理统计和地理空间分析方法，从时空角度对60 a来我国竞技体育实力时空格局及其演变过程进行研究.结果表明：1) 我国竞技体育实力水平等级分区中80%为中低水平区，高水平区仅占20%.东、中、西地区差异明显，呈现出由东部沿海地区向西部内陆地区逐步递减的特征.2) 各省级地区竞技体育实力的绝对差距呈现扩大趋势，相对差距呈现缩小趋势.省际竞技体育实力两极分化现象日益严重，区域发展不平衡现象略有改善，但幅度不大.3) 我国竞技体育实力整体呈现东高西低的空间格局，重心聚集在鲁、豫、皖三省的空间范围内，呈现向东南方向移动的趋势.4) 从2005年全运会开始，我国竞技体育实力在空间分布上表现出显著的空间正相关性，呈现出相邻省级地区“高—高”、“低—低”聚集分布的特征.在60 a的发展历程里，东北地区经历了“强—弱—强”的过程，中部地区与之相反，经历了“弱—强—弱”的过程，东部地区是逐渐增强的过程，而西部地区则是一直处于弱势状态.HH和LL类型分别在东部地区和西部地区集聚，LH类型主要集中在中部地区，HL类型分布比较分散，四大地区均有分布.

Dynamic change of provincial competitive sports strength since the national games

Taking 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in China as the research object， based on the statistics of the medals of the 13th National Games from 1959 to 2017， a variety of mathematical statistics methods and geospatial analysis methods were used， this paper studies the space-time pattern and evolution process of competitive sports strength in China in the past 60 years from the perspective of time and space. The results show that 1 80% of China's competitive sports strength level division is medium and low level， and high level area only accounts for 20%. There are obvious regional differences in the eastern， central and western regions， showing a trend of gradual decline from the eastern coastal areas to the inland areas in the west. 2 The absolute gap in competitive sports strength of provinces， cities and districts shows an expanding trend， and the relative gap shows a downward trend. The polarization of inter-provincial competitive sports is becoming more and more serious， and the imbalance of regional development has improved slightly， but the magnitude is not large. 3 China's competitive sports strength shows a spatial pattern of high east and low west. The center of gravity is concentrated in the spatial scope of the three provinces of Shandong， Henan and Anhui， showing a trend of moving to the southeast. 4 Since the National Games in 2005， the spatial distribution of China's competitive sports strength has shown significant positive spatial correlation， showing the characteristics of “high-high” and “low-low” clustering distribution of neighboring provinces and cities (districts). In the course of 60 years of development， the Northeast region experienced a process of “strong-weak-strong”， while the central region experienced the process of “weak-strong-weak”， and the eastern region was gradually enhanced， while the west the region is always in a weak state. The HH and LL types are concentrated in the eastern and western regions respectively， and the LH types are mainly concentrated in the central region. The HL types are scattered and distributed in all four regions.