Spectroscopic studies of the structural properties of Ni substituted spinel LiMn2O4 |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Material Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Korea;2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China;3. Research Center for Energy Conversion and Storage, San 56-1, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, Korea;1. Institute of Power Source and Ecomaterials Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China;2. Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information, Hebei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300130, China;3. Key Laboratory for New Type of Functional Materials in Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China;4. Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;1. Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry-605 014, India;2. Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry-605 014, India;3. R & D, Amara Raja Batteries Ltd, Karakambadi -517 520 (A.P), India;1. School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia;2. Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia;3. Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;4. Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong NSW, Australia;1. Materials Science and Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa;2. Modelling and Digital Science, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | Microstructure and local structure of spinel LiNixMn2 − xO4 (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2) were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) and Raman scattering with the aim of getting a clear picture of the local structure of the materials responsible for the structural stability of LiNixMn2 − xO4. XRD study showed that Ni substitution caused the changes of the materials’ microstructure from the view of the lattice parameter, mean crystallite size, and microstrain. XPS and XANES studies showed the Ni oxidation state in LiNixMn2 − xO4 was larger than + 2, and the Mn oxidation state increased with Ni substitution. The decrease of the intensity of the 1s → 4pz shakedown transition on the XANES spectra indicated that Ni substitution suppressed the tetragonal distortion of the MnO6] octahedron. The Mn(Ni)–O bond in LiNixMn2 − xO4, which is stronger than the Mn–O bond in LiMn2O4 was responsible for the blue shift of the A1g Raman mode and could enhance the structural stability of the Mn(Ni)O6] octahedron. |
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