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Experimental determination of a Viviparus contectus thermometry equation
Authors:Melanie J Bugler  Stephen T Grimes  Melanie J Leng  Simon D Rundle  Gregory D Price  Jerry J Hooker  Margaret E Collinson
Institution:1. School of Earth, Ocean & Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK;2. NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK;3. School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK;4. Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;5. Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
Abstract:Experimental measurements of the 18O/16O isotope fractionation between the biogenic aragonite of Viviparus contectus (Gastropoda) and its host freshwater were undertaken to generate a species‐specific thermometry equation. The temperature dependence of the fractionation factor and the relationship between Δδ18O (δ18Ocarb.δ18Owater) and temperature were calculated from specimens maintained under laboratory and field (collection and cage) conditions. The field specimens were grown (Somerset, UK) between August 2007 and August 2008, with water samples and temperature measurements taken monthly. Specimens grown in the laboratory experiment were maintained under constant temperatures (15°C, 20°C and 25°C) with water samples collected weekly. Application of a linear regression to the datasets indicated that the gradients of all three experiments were within experimental error of each other (±2 times the standard error); therefore, a combined (laboratory and field data) correlation could be applied. The relationship between Δδ18O (δ18Ocarb.δ18Owater) and temperature (T) for this combined dataset is given by: equation image (T is in °C, δ18Ocarb. is with respect to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) and δ18Owater is with respect to Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW). Quoted errors are 2 times standard error). Comparisons made with existing aragonitic thermometry equations reveal that the linear regression for the combined Viviparus contectus equation is within 2 times the standard error of previously reported aragonitic thermometry equations. This suggests there are no species‐specific vital effects for Viviparus contectus. Seasonal δ18Ocarb. profiles from specimens retrieved from the field cage experiment indicate that during shell secretion the δ18Ocarb. of the shell carbonate is not influenced by size, sex or whether females contained eggs or juveniles. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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