Physical and chemical forms of radionuclides of 38S, 38Cl, 39Cl, and 82Br, produced at a high-energy proton accelerator facility

High-energy protons and neutrons produce various radionuclides in the air, mainly through the nuclear spallation of atmospheric elements. Air samples were collected from the EP-2 tunnel of the KEK 12 GeV proton synchrotron facility with a filter pack, which consisted of a membrane filter for aerosols, a Na₂CO₃-impregnated filter for acidic gases, and an activated carbon fiber filter for non-acidic gases. Sulfur-38 was found on the membrane and Na₂CO₃-impregnated filters, ³⁸Cl and ³⁹Cl were on the membrane, Na₂CO₃-impregnated, and ACF filters, and ⁸²Br was only on the ACF filter. The results on the relative abundances of aerosol and gaseous acidic components have indicated that ³⁸Cl produced by thermal neutron capture, which is the main reaction for ³⁸Cl production in the EP-2 tunnel air, are likely not to be present as aerosol or acidic gas. This was similar to the case of ⁸²Br produced by thermal neutron capture.