Optimization of temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography for analysis of chlorobenzenes in water samples |
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Authors: | Kamarei Fahimeh Ebrahimzadeh Homeira Yamini Yadollah |
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Affiliation: | a Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran b Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran |
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Abstract: | Temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction (TCIL-DLPME) combined with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was applied for preconcentration and determination of chlorobenzenes in well water samples. The proposed method used 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4mim][PF6]) as the extraction solvent. The effect of different variables on extraction efficiency was studied simultaneously using an experimental design. The variables of interest in the TCIL-DLPME were extraction solvent volume, salt effect, solution temperature, extraction time, centrifugation time, and heating time. The Plackett-Burman design was employed for screening to determine the variables significantly affecting the extraction efficiency. Then, the significant factors were optimized by using a central composite design (CCD) and the response surface equations were developed. The optimal experimental conditions obtained from this statistical evaluation included: extraction solvent volume, 75 μL; extraction time, 20 min; centrifugation time, 25 min; heating time, 4 min; solution temperature, 50 °C; and no addition of salt. Under optimal conditions, the preconcentration factors were between 187 and 298. The limit of detections (LODs) ranged from 0.05 μg L−1 (for 1,2-dichlorobenzene) to 0.1 μg L−1 (for 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene). Linear dynamic ranges (LDRs) of 0.5-300 and 0.5-500 μg L−1 were obtained for dichloro- and trichlorobenzenes, respectively. The performance of the method was evaluated for extraction and determination of chlorobenzenes in well water samples in micrograms per liter and satisfactory results were obtained (RSDs < 9.2%). |
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Keywords: | Temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction Chlorobenzenes Plackett-Burman design Central composite design High performance liquid chromatography |
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