Scarcity of exergy and ecological evaluation based on embodied exergy |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kingsborough Community College, Brooklyn, NY 11235-2398, United States;2. Department of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Applied Mathematics and Statistics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102-1982, United States;1. School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;2. Key Laboratory of Geological Information Technology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100037, China;3. Research Center for Mountain Development, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China;4. School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;5. China Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Beijing, 100035, China;1. Copenhagen University, Health Faculty, Institute A, Section of Environmental Chemistry, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark;2. Section for Sustainable Transitions, Department of Planning, Aalborg University-Copenhagen, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark;3. Advanced Systems Analysis Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria;4. Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA;3. Advanced Systems Analysis, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria;4. School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | The driving force of the earth system is shown to be the cosmic exergy due to radiational difference between the sun and the cosmic background, instead of the solar energy. The scarcity of cosmic exergy availability as the fundamental natural resource for the ecosphere and the human society is revealed by a systematic study on the global consumption of the cosmic exergy in the earth and a budget of the exergy consumption with respect to main terrestrial processes. A conceptual framework or ecological evaluation is developed on the basis of a new concept referred to as embodied exergy in terms of the cosmic exergy consumed directly or indirectly in making or sustaining a general commodity as a product, service or an emission. As a generalization of Szargut’s cumulative exergy consumption in resource analysis, embodied exergy is chosen, in place of embodied energy, to define Odum’s emergy. Concrete calculation schemes for embodied exergy accounting are provided as a systematic revision and rephrasing of existing embodied emergy analysis. |
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