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Knotted Zeros in the Quantum States of Hydrogen
Authors:Michael Berry
Affiliation:(1) H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
Abstract:Complex superpositions of degenerate hydrogen wavefunctions for the n th energy level can possess zero lines (phase singularities) in the form of knots and links. A recipe is given for constructing any torus knot. The simplest cases are constructed explicitly: the elementary link, requiring nge6, and the trefoil knot, requiring nge7. The knots are threaded by multistranded twisted chains of zeros. Some speculations about knots in general complex quantum energy eigenfunctions are presented.
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