Comparison of BOLD,diffusion-weighted fMRI and ADC-fMRI for stimulation of the primary visual system with a block paradigm |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques, INSERM Université de Toulouse (UMR 825), F-31059 Toulouse, France;2. Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience (INCIA), CNRS Université Bordeaux 2 (UMR 5287), F-33400 Talence, France;3. ARCANI, 27, rue fonfrède (N° SIRET: 803 234 715 00016), F-33800 Bordeaux, France;1. Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA;2. Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA;3. Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;4. UCSF/UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA;5. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA;1. Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States;2. Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States;1. Mayo Graduate School, Biomedical Engineering and Physiology Track, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;2. Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China;2. Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, Kizugawa City, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan;3. North Japan New Energy Research Center, Hirosaki University, Aomori City 0300831, Japan;1. Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | The blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) effect is extensively used for functional MRI (fMRI) but presents some limitations. Diffusion-weighted fMRI (DfMRI) has been proposed as a method more tightly linked to neuronal activity. This work proposes a protocol of DfMRI acquired for several b-values and diffusion directions that is compared to gradient-echo BOLD (GE-BOLD) and to repeated spin-echo BOLD (SE-BOLD, acquisitions performed with b = 0 s/mm2), which was also used to ensure the reproducibility of the response.A block stimulation paradigm of the primary visual system (V1) was performed in 12 healthy subjects with checkerboard alternations (2 Hz frequency). DfMRI was performed at 3 T with 5 b-values (b = 1500, 1000, 500, 250, 0 s/mm2) with TR/TE = 1004/93 ms, Δ/δ = 45.4 ms/30 ms, and 6 spatial directions for diffusion measures. GE-BOLD was performed with a similar block stimulation design timing. Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC)-fMRI was computed with all b-values used. An identical Z-score level was used for all fMRI modalities for the comparison of volumes of activation. ADC-fMRI and SE-BOLD fMRI activation locations were compared in a voxel-based analysis to a cytoarchitectural probability map of V1.SE-BOLD activation volumes represented only 55% of the GE-BOLD activation volumes (P < 0.0001). DfMRI activation volumes averaged for all b-values acquired represented only 12% of GE-BOLD (P < 0.0001) and only 22% of SE-BOLD activation volumes (P < 0.005). Compared to SE-BOLD-fMRI, ADC-fMRI activations showed fewer pixels outside of V1 and a higher average probability of belonging to V1.DfMRI and ADC-fMRI acquisition at 3 T could be easily post-processed with common neuro-imaging software. DfMRI and ADC-fMRI activation volumes were significantly smaller than those obtained with SE-BOLD. ADC-fMRI activations were more precisely localized in V1 than those of SE-BOLD-fMRI. This validated the increased capability of ADC-fMRI compared to BOLD to enhance the precision of localizing an fMRI activation in the cyto-architectural zone V1, thereby justifying the use of ADC-fMRI for neuro-scientific studies. |
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