Transverse relaxation of cerebrospinal fluid depends on glucose concentration |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Mathematical oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, CA, USA;2. Department of Radiology and Imaging, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, India;3. Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India;4. Department of Neurosurgery, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, India;5. SRL Diagnostics, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, India;6. Philips Health System, Philips India Limited, Gurgaon, India;1. Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;1. Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy;2. Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR - Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy;3. Laboratory of Medical Physics and Biotechnologies for Magnetic Resonance, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy;4. Imago7 Foundation, Pisa, Italy;1. Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China;2. Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China;1. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan;3. Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Faculty of Science & Engineering, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;1. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | PurposeTo evaluate the biophysical processes that generate specific T2 values and their relationship to specific cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) content.Materials and methodsCSF T2s were measured ex vivo (14.1 T) from isolated CSF collected from human, rat and non-human primate. CSF T2s were also measured in vivo at different field strength in human (3 and 7 T) and rodent (1, 4.7, 9,4 and 11.7 T) using different pulse sequences. Then, relaxivities of CSF constituents were measured, in vitro, to determine the major molecule responsible for shortening CSF T2 (2 s) compared to saline T2 (3 s). The impact of this major molecule on CSF T2 was then validated in rodent, in vivo, by the simultaneous measurement of the major molecule concentration and CSF T2.ResultsEx vivo CSF T2 was about 2.0 s at 14.1 T for all species. In vivo human CSF T2 approached ex vivo values at 3 T (2.0 s) but was significantly shorter at 7 T (0.9 s). In vivo rodent CSF T2 decreased with increasing magnetic field and T2 values similar to the in vitro ones were reached at 1 T (1.6 s). Glucose had the largest contribution of shortening CSF T2 in vitro. This result was validated in rodent in vivo, showing that an acute change in CSF glucose by infusion of glucose into the blood, can be monitored via changes in CSF T2 values.ConclusionThis study opens the possibility of monitoring glucose regulation of CSF at the resolution of MRI by quantitating T2. |
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