Combination of integrated dynamic shimming and readout-segmented echo planar imaging for diffusion weighted MRI of the head and neck region at 3 Tesla |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;2. Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany;3. Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen, China;1. Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;2. Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;3. Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;1. Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;2. Christian Michelsen Research, Bergen, Norway;3. Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway;4. Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;5. Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;6. Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;7. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;8. MedViz Research Cluster, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;1. Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, United States;2. Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States;3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States;4. Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Germany;5. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States;6. Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States;1. Department of Radiology, Division of Neonatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands;2. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands;1. Imaging Division, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands;2. Department of Radiotherapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | PurposeTo evaluate the performance of combined integrated slice-by-slice shimming and readout-segmented EPI (irsEPI) for diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) of the neck at 3 Tesla.MethodsThis study was approved by the local ethics committee. An anthropometric phantom of the head/neck region incorporating compartments with different diffusivities was constructed. In vivo measurements were performed in 10 healthy volunteers. DWI of the phantom and volunteers was performed on a 3 Tesla MR scanner using single shot EPI (sEPI), a prototype single shot EPI with integrated slice-by-slice shimming (iEPI), readout segmented EPI (rsEPI) and a prototype readout segmented EPI with integrated shimming irsEPI. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) and spatial distortions of phantom compartments were quantified. For phantom and volunteer measurements, the presence of geometric distortions, signal losses, ghosting artifacts as well as overall image quality were visually assessed on a 4-point scale by two radiologists in consensus. In addition, failure of fat saturation was assessed in volunteer data.ResultsQuantification of ADC within the phantom compartments was comparable using the different EPI techniques without significant variations. Using irsEPI, spatial distortions in phase-encoding direction were markedly reduced compared to iEPI, rsEPI and especially sEPI. irsEPI yielded significantly better overall image quality compared to sEPI, iEPI and rsEPI in phantom data as well as volunteer measurements. Markedly reduced geometric distortions and signal loss as well as better fat saturation were observed using irsEPI.ConclusionThe use of irsEPI significantly improves image quality and reduces artifacts caused by magnetic field inhomogeneities in EPI based DWI of the head/neck at 3 Tesla. |
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