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Application of near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis for the evaluation of glue lines of untreated and copper azole treated laminated timber before and after ageing |
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| Authors: | Florindo Gaspar,Helena Cruz,José Rodrigues |
| Affiliation: | a Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, School of Technology and Management, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal b REQUIMTE, Serviço de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha 164, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal c Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Timber Structures Division, Avenida do Brazil 101, 1700-066 Lisboa, Portugal d Department of Chemistry, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria e Tropical Research Institute of Portugal, Forest and Forest Products Centre, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal |
| Abstract: | The necessity for inspection and assessment of glued laminated timber structures in service has raised interest in the evaluation of the glue lines. Glue line spectra were analysed and are discussed in detail with respect to spectral contributions from the adhesive, the hardener, the wood lamella below the adhesive, the curing temperature as well as ageing-related spectral changes. The combination of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA) allowed distinguishing between aged and non-aged samples and different copper azole preservative treatment levels of phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) glue lines. NIR-based partial least squares (PLS) regression modelling was performed for the glue line shear strength and for the curing temperature. These findings show that NIR spectroscopy is a fast and useful technique to evaluate the degradation on the PRF glue lines of untreated and copper azole treated laminated timber. |
| Keywords: | Wood Delamination Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy Partial least squares regression Copper azole Phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) glue lines |
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