False Detection of Cyanide Ion in Photographic Processing Waste Solutions Using Standardized Reference Methods |
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| Authors: | Makoto Nonomura Fumio Nakagawa Shinya Mizusawa Takashi Ohno Hiroyuki Kobayashi Toshiyuki Hobo |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Center , 13-10, Nishigaoka 3-Chome, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115, Japan;2. Department of Environmental Control , Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. , 26 –30, Nishiazabu 2-Chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106, Japan;3. Department of Image Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoicho, Chiba, 260, Japan;4. Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Technology , Tokyo Metropolitan University , 1-1, Fukasawa 2-Chrome, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Abstract Although cyanide compounds are not incorporated in photographic processing solutions, false detection of cyanide ion is often encountered during the determination of total cyanide by various standardized methods such as ISO, ANSI and JIS. Various organic compounds and nitrogen compounds in the processing solutions were examined because of this false detection. The results suggest that hydrogen cyanide is formed by a reaction between these compounds during the distillation process for the separation of total cyanide, even though ISO, ANSI and JIS were used. The results support the following three mechanisms of cyanide formation involved in the process: (1) Hydroxylammonium salts reacts with another ingredient, formaldehyde, to form formaldoxime, which then decomposes to HCN. (2) Hydroxylammonium is oxidized by air to form nitrite ion, which subsequently reacts with organic compounds such as aminocarboxylic acids and aromatic amines (the colour-developing agent) to form HCN. (3) Potassium permanganate oxidizes aromatic amines to form HCN. |
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| Keywords: | Cyanide formation photographic waste solution ISO ANSI JIS |
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