Measuring technical efficiency in the presence of pesticide spillovers and production uncertainty: The case of Dutch arable farms |
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Authors: | Theodoros Skevas Alfons Oude Lansink Spiro E. Stefanou |
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Affiliation: | 1. Wageningen University, Business Economics Group, Hollandseweg 1, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Pennsylvania State University, Department of Agricultural Economics & Rural Sociology, 208B Armsby Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States |
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Abstract: | Pesticides’ dynamic effects and production uncertainty play an important role in farmers’ production decisions. Pesticides have a current production impact through reducing crop damage in the current period and a future impact through impacting the farm biodiversity which alters the future production environment. This study presents the difference in inefficiency arising from models that ignore the dynamic effects of pesticides in production decisions and the impact of production uncertainty. A dynamic data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is applied to outputs, inputs, and undesirables of Dutch arable farms over the period 2003–2007. A bootstrap approach is used to explain farmers’ performance, providing empirical representations of the impact of stochastic elements on production. These empirical representations are used to adjust firms’ inefficiency scores to incorporate production uncertainty in efficiency evaluation. We find that efficiency increased dramatically when a production technology representation that considers both pesticides’ dynamic impacts, and production uncertainty is adopted. |
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Keywords: | Data envelopment analysis Pesticides Russell type measure Systems dynamics Production uncertainty |
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