Heck-type olefination and Suzuki coupling reactions using highly efficient oxacalix[4]arene wrapped nanopalladium catalyst |
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Authors: | Manthan Panchal Anita Kongor Viren Mehta Manoj Vora Keyur Bhatt Vinod Jain |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India;2. Department of Chemistry, Ganpat University, Kherva, Mehsana 380412, Gujarat, India |
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Abstract: | A simple one-pot method is used for the synthesis of water dispersible and stable palladium nanoparticles (PdNps) where oxacalix[4]arene dihydrazide (OXDH) is used as both a reducing and capping agent. The OXDH-PdNps have been characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The OXDH-PdNps are spherical in shape with an average size of 3–4?nm and well crystallized in a face centered cubic structure. The capping of the OXDH ligand on the nanoparticles surface was evaluated using FT-IR. The OXDH-PdNps have been used in carbon–carbon coupling reactions, namely, the Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck reactions. Both of the reactions are carried out under phosphine-free conditions to provide better yields. The nanocatalyst can be easily recovered and reused for six consecutive catalytic cycles without any significant loss in its catalytic activity. |
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Keywords: | Palladium nanoparticles Oxacalixarene Suzuki–Miyaura’s reaction C-C cross coupling reaction Heck reaction |
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