富氢高温超导材料

超导研究历经百余年仍方兴未艾，室温超导依然是全球科学家孜孜以求的目标。近年来，人们在超过百万大气压的超高压下发现的H₃S、LaH₁₀等富氢高温超导材料不断刷新着超导临界温度的记录，为最终实现室温超导带来了曙光，从而吸引了广泛关注。文章以超导材料发现的时间线为轴，概述了目前发现的主要超导材料体系和基于电—声耦合机制的BCS 超导理论，重点介绍了当前富氢化合物高温超导材料的研究进展、存在的问题与挑战、以及未来可能的研究思路。

Superhydride high-Tc superconducting materials

Since its discovery in 1911, superconductivity has remained at the forefront of modern physics for more than 100 years, and room-temperature superconductivity is still the long-cherished goal of scientists all over the world. Recently, the hydrogen-rich high-temperature superconductors, such as H₃S and LaH₁₀ discovered at megabar pressures, have constantly broken the record of the superconducting critical temperature, signaling the dawn of the ultimate realization of room-temperature superconductivity, and thus have attracted widespread attention. In this paper, based on the timeline of the discovery of superconducting materials, we first briefly overview the existing systems and the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory based on the electronphonon coupling mechanism. Then, we summarize the current research progress, existing problems and challenges, as well as possible future research directions for the hydrogen- rich high-temperature superconducting materials.