氢环境下压力容器及管道材料相容性研究进展

氢能作为一种理想的清洁能源受到世界各国重视。压力容器和管道是氢能产业大规模、长距离、安全高效输送的重要途径。但长期使用过程中金属容易发生氢脆并导致失效，对氢能应用带来了极大挑战。本文针对氢环境下压力容器及管道材料相容性进行论述，首先阐述了典型氢脆机理及氢进入材料内部的渗透机理，随后总结分析了压力容器和高钢级管线钢氢脆特征。针对氢致失效难题提出如下措施：（1）改善热处理及加工工艺，避免钢中出现对氢敏感的组织，同时严格控制钢中夹杂物含量及尺寸；（2）改善焊接工艺，减弱热影响区氢致开裂敏感性；（3）钢中引入有效氢陷阱提高其抗氢脆性能。该结论将为未来压力容器及管道使用安全性研究打下基础。

SOME ADVANCES IN STUDIES OF MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY OF PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPELINES IN HYDROGEN ATMOSPHERE

As an ideal clean energy, hydrogen energy has attracted the attention of countries all over the world. Pressure vessels and pipelines are important technologies for large-scale, long-distance, safe and efficient transmission in hydrogen energy industry. However, in the process of long-term service, steels are prone to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and failure, which brings great challenges to the application of hydrogen energy. This paper discussed the material compatibility of pressure vessels and pipelines in hydrogen atmosphere. Firstly, the typical HE mechanism and the mechanism of hydrogen penetration into steels were described, and then the HE characteristics of pressure vessels and high-grade pipelines were summarized. Aiming at the hydrogen induced failure of steels, the following measures are put forward: (1) improving heat treatment and processing technologies to avoid the hydrogen sensitive structures and control the inclusion characteristics (quantity and size) in steels; (2) reducing the sensitivity of hydrogen induced cracking in heat affected zones by improving welding process; (3) introducing effective hydrogen traps into steel can improve its HE resistance. This conclusion could lay foundations for the service safety research of pressure vessels and pipelines in the future.