Analysis of some commercial polysorbate formulations using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Analyses of polysorbate formulations (Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, and Tween 80) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) reveal a complex mixture of oligomers that include polyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycol esters, isosorbide polyethoxylates, sorbitan polyethoxylates, polysorbate monoesters, polysorbate diesters, and sorbitol polyethoxylate esters. The MALDI-TOF mass spectra for these formulations show the presence of sodiated molecules in which the major signals are attributed to the presence of polyethylene glycols, isosorbide polyethoxylates, and sorbitan polyethoxylates. Additionally, the complexity of the spectra was correlated to the constituent fatty acid moieties in the polysorbate formulations. Thus Tween 20 showed the presence of polysorbate monolaurates, polysorbate monomyristates, and polysorbate monopalmitates. Tween 40 contained polysorbate mono- and dipalmitates. Tween 60 contained polysorbate monopalmitates and polysorbate monostearates. For the Tween 80, mass assignment for polysorbate monooleates and polysorbate dioleates was equivocal, because both of these oligomeric series have the same molecular weight as the sorbitan polyethoxylates, and thus the Tween 80 MALDI-TOF spectrum appeared to be the least complicated of the four commercial polysorbate formulations.